Like we said earlier, with less than 24 hours’ notice, we were
asked to start teaching online. Support came later. Many colleges, schools and
universities hurriedly offered teachers help with teaching – to match
textbook content with e-content, deliver lectures online, give homework and conduct
exams.
Just like in a classroom, the teacher enters, opens the textbook, delivers a lecture, asks questions, gives notes, assigns homework and schedules tests.
Do we see a pattern? We were repeating the very familiar pattern of the face-to face classroom in online contexts. That’s where we went wrong.
We attempted to replicate the classroom model using tech resources. What we couldn’t replicate, we brushed under the carpet. What we should have done instead was adapt.
In this and the next few posts, I’ll talk about how technology can augment and better classroom teaching. How we can use technology to do what the teacher cannot do. And that's why we CALL it TELL. It's no longer computer assisted language learning, it's technology enhanced language learning. 💥
The first couple of days of covid lockdown and live classes using Zoom, I observed my son’s teacher going on fervently about polynomials, and students in the class busy arguing about PUBG. Discussions raged on which is better - Kar98k or Vector; how to tame a zombie in Minecraft; who one can trade football cards with; who was whose latest girlfriend… anything except polynomials. And, in the midst of all these, suddenly someone pipes up, “Ma’am, there’s a bird on your window sill” and yet another, “Ma’am, whose picture is that on your wall?” and "Ma'am, is this white board in your house?"
And the teacher struggled to get back to polynomials.
Less than three days of live video classes, the school realised the dangers of allowing students to chat or use the microphone. So, they disabled student chats, videos and muted microphones. We silenced them.
And, the students found other things to do; they went on to do things that interested them – some ate, some played music, some drew, some read storybooks, some played digital games, and yet others played with their dogs 😉 I saw this in my home too.
Now, if we pause to think, we realise that replicating classroom lecturing using Zoom (or any other synchronous videoconferencing or meeting tools) does not serve the same purpose as face-to-face classroom lectures. Disabling students’ chat, video or audio is equivalent to stopping two-way communication that is the core of all face-to-face classrooms. Let me explain.
In classroom lectures, the
teacher speaking to students is the primary channel of communication. There’s
also a second channel from students back to the teacher. This is the feedback that the teacher receives.
Face-to-face classroom lectures revolve around feedback of various sorts. We constantly look for signs of comprehension – a nod, a frown, a distant look, open mouth, crinkled eyes, furrowed brows, puzzled eyes, shaking legs, doodling, a smile, gazing out through the window… everything tells us if our students are comprehending or not interested. At times we also ask questions to make sure students understand what we teach.
Backchanneling is a part of this feedback. Backchanneling is a more active or conscious feedback that a listener (here the student) provides the speaker (here, the teacher) to convey that they're following what you're saying. Backchanneling is often communicated through words, phrases and interjections like “right” “I see” “yes” “Ok” “uh-uh”, “hmm”, “alright” etc.
Backchanneling is one way of sending feedback to the speaker Image credits
The point is, backchanneling is essential and this is what we cut out when we disable the chat, mute the microphone, or stop student videos.
What we need to do online then is adapt our teaching to newer models. Adaptability is an unsure word, right? It’s tricky, does adapt mean to let go of the original identity?
To adapt is to modify to newer conditions. It augments. It transforms.
Here’s a recent example.
After reading my blog, a very dear teacher I admire hugely WhatsApped
me an appreciation. It meant the world. I didn’t think before I texted back.
I blurted back, right? 😉
Now, imagine if I were to email the same person.
There’s something dignified
about emails. More sanctimonious than texts. I’d have sat down, and started:
Dear ma’am
Thank you very much for your kind words. I was really happy to
hear from you.
How are you?
And so on...
Now think about if I were to give a speech, a vote of thanks,
to the same person.
Ladies and gentlemen, honourable guests on the dais
And so on... 😂
What I’m pointing out is that, the potential of each medium is
different. And so are the expectations. We choose a medium depending on the message and the receiver, and we adapt our language to the medium.
A face-to-face course doesn’t become an online course just
because all the course content – textbook, handouts, notes, worksheets, etc.
are typed and put up on a website. Or when lectures are transacted through a videoconferencing tool. An online course is more than that. We need to learn to adapt our materials to suit the online medium.
There are things that face-to-face courses can do that online courses cannot, and then there are things that face-to-face courses cannot do that online courses can. I always say this, use technology to do what the teacher cannot do.
And, what technology cannot do, the
teacher does.
Teachers are burdened with online teaching; they say online
teaching is three times the work. And students are disgruntled; they say they
aren’t learning anything. This is what we can address if we do more than merely replicate in-classroom experience using tech tools.
In this post, we'll look at how teachers can deliver productive classes using synchronous videoconferencing tools – whether FB, YouTube, Zoom, WebEx, Microsoft Teams, Google meet, etc.
How do you adapt your face-to-face class lectures to meet the demands and exploit the potential of live videoconferencing tools?
How can we enable backchanneling in online lectures?
I'm going to talk about two teaching strategies or techniques that can make online classes meaningful - two, nothing more. Chunking and Interactivities (interactive activities). These can help deliver effective classes without using additional web tools.
Strategy 1: Chunking. This isn’t a new concept. It’s been a favourite with instruction designers for almost 70 years. Read more here
You want heavy-duty theory about why human working memory
can’t be bothered with more information? Then visit this
For those who are still engrossed here, bottom line is this: human memory can’t hold more than 5 - 7 bits of information. (You can go up to 9, there is a 7 +/- 2 instructional design rule of the thumb that's got your back).
Anyway, the first thing to remember is students (even the most motivated adults) cannot listen to a 40- or 60-minutes lecture session in one go. So, chunk your lectures. It’s here that bulleting helps. Before you go live, convert what you want to teach into bullets. Write them down. The time you reach 5 - 7 bullets, chunk your instruction there.
Bulleting and chunking: Earliest evidence of sound instruction design. (And then he had to break it! 😅) Image credits
If you cannot condense the text into bullets, you can still chunk your lecture into 15-minute sessions. Which means you pause your live lecture either after completing 7 bulleted points or at 15 minutes' timestamp. Such pauses are called interactive pauses because during this time you allow your students to do something with what they've just learnt.
Once you pause, what can you do? Introduce interactivities.
Strategy 2: Interactivities
1. Ask questions
Questions are the most interactive technique available to us as online teachers. (Yes, I agree they're intrusive, nagging and damaging too. But remember Socrates?)
Questions have always fascinated us. They still do, in webinars especially 😈 Source: A WhatsApp forward.
Learn to build questions into your lecture. Ask frequent straightforward questions, rhetorical questions, brainstorming questions, leading questions, roadmap questions...all kinds. Such questions not only inform students, they also trigger prediction, thinking, organising, connecting, etc.
Some things you can do are ask
- a quick recap question
- students to mention something new they learnt
- students to share a question that they have about what was taught
- them to state how they can apply what was learnt
- them to find something to support a statement you made
- Share your notes with students and ask them to write it down. Give them time for this.
- Skeleton notes – create a handout with key points of the lecture on the left margin, leaving space for students to fill in notes during lecture.
- Systematic note taking - provide a template like the following to encourage taking notes during lecture
Share templates for while-lecture note taking Source credit
- Promote collaborative note-taking. You and your students can summarise the lesson into bullet points together. Google docs is wonderful for this. Keep adding important points to the same doc as the class progresses. (Google docs is such an integral part of my life that I almost don't count it as a technology tool, hence pardon its mention here. It's like saying Pretzel isn't a dog.)
3. Link lecture with text
If you use a textbook, always link your lecture with the textbook.
- Before you start your live lecture, give explicit directions, say, “open your book, page no. 18, paragraph 3” etc.
- While lecture, keep connecting your lecture chunks with the corresponding paragraphs in the textbook. Stop every fifteen minutes and give students time to read.
- Keep linking your lecture with previous chunks and lessons
4. Post-lecture interactivity
At the end of your lecture, you can use exit slips to conduct informal assessment to measure students' understanding of the topic taught. They can be collected as written responses to questions that can range from factual, reflective, evaluative or application-oriented.
Did I say anything new here? Not a thing! All of us do these every time we teach, don't we?
All I’m doing is reminding us how to do these
consciously via live lectures since we don’t “see” or “hear” our students
anymore.
Go on, zooooom the student.
